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Journal：JAMA

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DOI：10.1001/jama.2020.4940

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Journal：AEM Education and Training

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DOI：10.1002/aet2.10449

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Abstract：The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection poses a serious threat to global public health. Vaccination is an effective way to prevent the epidemic of the virus. 2019-nCoV along with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) belong to the same β-genus of coronavirus family. Base on the previous experience and the technical platform of developing SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV vaccines, scientists from all over the world are working hard and quickly on the related fields. There are substantial progress in these fields including the characterizing the 2019-nCoV virus, identification of candidate antigens and epitopes, establishment of animal models, characterizing the immune responses, and the design of vaccines. The development of 2019-nCoV vaccines cover all types: inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and DNA vaccine, et al. As of March 2020, two 2019-nCoV vaccines have entered phase I clinical trials. One is named as Ad5-nCoV developed by the Chinese Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences and Tianjin Cansino Biotechnology Inc. Ad5-nCoV is based on the replication-defective adenovirus type 5 as the vector to express 2019-nCoV spike protein.?The another vaccine is mRNA-1273 developed by the?National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Moderna, Inc.. RNA-1273 is an mRNA vaccine expressing 2019-nCoV spike protein. Although the rapid development of 2019-nCoV vaccine, it still faces many challenges with unknown knowledge, including the antigenic characteristics of the 2019-nCoV, the influence of antigenic variation, the protective immune response of host, the protection of the elderly population, and the downstream manufacturing process of the new vaccine. The safety and efficacy of vaccines are the first priority for vaccine development and should be carefully evaluated. 新型冠状病毒（2019-novel coronavirus，2019-nCoV）感染暴发流行对全球公众健康构成了严重威胁，疫苗接种是有效预防病毒感染流行的手段。2019-nCoV与急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）同属于β-冠状病毒。基于对SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV的了解，科学家对2019-nCoV病毒特征的研究、候选抗原及表位的鉴定、动物模型的建立、免疫应答的检测，疫苗的设计等工作取得了快速的进展。新型冠状病毒疫苗（新冠疫苗）的研发也取得了快速进展，新冠疫苗类型几乎涵盖了目前疫苗研究的所有形式，包括灭活疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗（mRNA疫苗与DNA疫苗）等。至2020年3月，已有2项新冠疫苗进入了I期临床试验，分别为我国军事医学科学院联合天津康希诺生物股份公司研发的基于腺病毒载体的重组新冠疫苗和美国Moderna公司的mRNA疫苗，两种疫苗均以2019-nCoV的刺突蛋白为抗原靶标。同时，新冠疫苗研发仍面临着许多未知的挑战，如2019-nCoV病毒抗原特征、抗原变异、机体的保护性免疫应答特征以及对老年及基础病人群是否具有保护，新型疫苗量产的生产工艺等方面仍需要更多的研究。疫苗研发具有其固有规律，在加快速度的同时，保证疫苗的安全性、有效性是必须的前提。.

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DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200317-00366

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Abstract：2020年初，爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）正在影响着全国各行各业，也在影响肿瘤患者的正常治疗。临床医生面对患者时，需要兼顾疫情防控、疾病治疗以及医疗资源分配等多重因素的影响，如何合理调整最佳也在考验着临床医生。为此，我们依据临床诊疗指南、结合专家经验，依据患者的不同阶段和分子分型，就新冠肺炎疫情下乳腺癌诊疗十个热点问题提出自己的观点，供同行参考和批评指正。.

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DOI：10.0376/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2020.0002

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Abstract：COVID-19 is rapidly spreading. Patients in incubation period and healthy carriers are possible sources for transmission. However, such sources of infection cannot be effectively identified due to the symptoms absent. The research evidence is very lacking so far, although there are a few studies suggesting that presymptomatic or asymptomatic carrier may cause COVID-19 transmission. Nearly half of the literature is in the state of preprint without peer review. The question of "the degree to which presymptomatic or asymptomatic infections can transmit" is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to screen infected carriers in larger close contacts or in the general population, and assess their risk for transmission. 新型冠状病毒肺炎正快速向人群传播，潜伏期患者和隐性感染者都有向体外排出病毒而成为传染源的可能，但是由于临床症状隐匿，这类传染源无法有效识别，容易形成防控措施的漏洞。目前有研究提示该病潜伏期患者或隐性感染者可能造成疾病传播，但是研究仍然十分有限，而且近一半文献尚处于未经同行评审的预印本状态。对于"感染者能否在潜伏期传播病毒、无症状感染者是否可以传播病毒、效率如何" ，尚无明确且公认的回答。亟待在更大的密切接触者或者一般人群中筛选感染者，并且评估他们传播疾病的风险。.

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DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200228-00207

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Journal：Chinese Journal of Cardiology

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DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200224-00121

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Abstract：Abstract Since 2003, coronavirus has caused multiple major public health events that resulted in global epidemics such as, severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS）, Middle East respiratory syndrome （MERS） and corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19）. Especially since COVID-19 has outbroken in Wuhan, Hubei, in December 2019, coronavirus has had a significant impact on people's health and lives. But so far, the pathological diagnosis of COVID-19 has been relatively deficient： it is still confined to the pathological findings of punctured organs, and the majority of medical workers have poor awareness of its pathological characteristics. The COVID-19, as same as SARS and MERS, is caused by coronaviruses and can cause viral pneumonia. They have certain similarities. This article comprehensively reviews the pathological features observed in the autopsies of the aforementioned three diseases, in order to provide reference to the analysis of pathological changes of COVID-19. 题目 冠状病毒肺炎的病理学特征回顾与展望. 摘要 自2003年以来，冠状病毒已造成以严重急性呼吸综合征（severe acute respiratory syndrome，SARS）、中东呼吸综合征（Middle East respiratory syndrome，MERS）和新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019，COVID-19）为代表的多次全球流行的重大公共卫生事件。特别是2019年12月至今，湖北武汉爆发的COVID-19，对人民健康、生命产生了巨大影响。但截至目前，COVID-19的病理学诊断较为缺乏，尚局限于穿刺器官病理所见，广大医疗工作者对其病理特点认识不足。COVID-19与SARS、MERS一样，致病源均属冠状病毒科，均引起病毒性肺炎，具有一定的共性。本文对上述3种疾病尸体检验所见的病理学特征进行较为全面的综述，以期为COVID-19的病理学改变分析提供借鉴和参考。. 关键词 法医病理学；尸体解剖；冠状病毒；新型冠状病毒肺炎；严重急性呼吸综合征；中东呼吸综合征；综述.

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DOI：10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.01.004