Korla Fragrant Pear Kongque River Oasis Case on Ecosystem Protection and Sustainable Development (Case 14)

DOI:10.3974/geodc.2022.05.14，CSTR:20146.22.2022.05.14，GCdataPR [2022]14

The case is launched by a team jointly composed of Xinjiang Institute of Ecological Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Municipal People's Government，Korla Municipal People's Government，Korla Liqunzhonghe Agricultural Development Co.，Ltd，etc. The case has been listed as a case of the "Geographical Indications Environment & Sustainability " (Case 14).

Korla fragrant pear belongs to the white pear system of the Rosaceae and Pear genera, originating from the Korla region of Xinjiang. It is a natural hybrid of Hanhai pear (the original species of Xinjiang pear) and Yali pear. It has a cultivation history of over 1400 years and is the only main pear variety in the pear industry of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang. In 1996, Korla fragrant pear has been registered as a certificate of origin trademark and recognized as a well-known trademark in China. In 2005, Korla pear was included in the National Geographical Indication Product Protection List, and in 2012, the "Peacock River" trademark was determined as the brand trademark of Korla pear.

The area of Awati Township in Korla City is 931.2 square kilometers. In 2020, the population was 14000, consisting of Uyghur, Han, Hui, Kyrgyz, Tujia and other ethnic groups, with Uyghur ethnic group accounting for 98% of the population. The planting area of fragrant pear is 464000 acres, with a yield of 400000 tons and a brand value of 12.7 billion yuan. In 2020, Korla pear was included in the first batch of mutual protection lists for geographical indication products between China and Europe. In 2022, it was included in the case of “Geographical Indications Environment & Sustainability”.

Awati Township is located in the arid region of China, in the center of an oasis nourished by the Kongque River, a tributary of the Tarim River. The terrain is flat, with an average elevation of 900m. The region is hot in summer and cold in winter, with an average annual temperature of 12.39 ℃; The precipitation is sparse, with an average annual rainfall of only 62.6mm and an annual evaporation of over 2200mm; The temperature difference between day and night is large, and there are abundant solar and thermal resources. The accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is 4640.22 ℃, and the annual sunshine hours are 2891 hours. The oasis soil is sandy soil, and irrigation water comes from the melting water of high mountain glaciers. The soil and water sources are pollution-free, and all indicators comply with Chinese and EU standards.

Fragrant Pear is crucial in the daily life of Awati Township. For a long time, it has formed a production pattern that integrates Fragrant Pear production, processing, storage, preservation, and transportation. The Korla Fragrant Pear National Standard has clearly defined the planting technical specifications, fruit grading criteria, and fruit physicochemical indicators of Fragrant Pear. Among them, the weight of a single fruit is between 120-150g, with a straight, smooth, and fresh shape, complete stem, and no scars on the fruit surface; A fruit with a soluble organic matter content of ≥ 11.5%, a total acidity of ≤ 0.10%, and a fruit hardness between 45-75 N/cm2 can be recognized as a first-class fruit.

Awati Township has established automatic meteorological monitoring stations for soil moisture and meteorology to implement water-saving irrigation, integrated water and fertilizer management, and real-time monitoring combined with data traceability platforms.

"Geographical Indications Environment & Sustainability " is a science and technology support action plan sponsored by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, led by the Chinese Geographical Society, jointly promoted by the United Nations Consultative Information and Communication Technology Special Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, the Institute of Geographic Science and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the World Data Center for Global Change Science Research and other units. Its purpose is to integrate basic sciences such as geography, resources, and ecology, as well as information and communication technologies such as geographic information systems, remote sensing and Earth observation, big data and the Internet of Things, with open science as the basic principle, to promote rural revitalization and regional sustainable development.

DATASET： GUI Dongwei*, FAN Jinglong, SHAO Shiming, HUO Jinlong*, LI Bofei, ZHANG Feng, HOU Jianzhu, PAIJULA Ritif, LIU Zhemin, TIAN Haisheng, LIU Chuang. Korla Fragrant Pear Kongque River Oasis Case Dataset on Ecosystem Protection and Sustainable Development[J/DB/OL]. Digital Journal of Global Change Data Repository, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2022.05.10.V1.

DATAPAPER： Gui, D. W., Fan, J. L., Huo, J. J., et al.GIES Case Dataset on Kolar Fragrant Pear in the Kongque River Oasis of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China[J]. Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery,2022.6(2):180-190 .DOI: 10.3974/geodp.2022.02.03 .

GUI Dongwei, a Professor of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with a doctor's degree in science (2010, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences). Main research directions: Oasis soil and water balance research, watershed and oasis scale water cycle processes and optimal allocation of water resources, evapotranspiration in arid areas, desertification assessment, numerical simulation of groundwater in arid areas, etc. Published nearly 150 papers. 2011-2013 Visiting Scholar from the United States (2011-2013). Formerly served as the Deputy Director of the Tarim River Basin Main Stream Management Bureau (2016-2017).