GI Environment Protection and Sustainable Development of Black Rice and Crested Ibis ( Nipponia nippon) Habitat in Caoba Village, Yang County, Shaanxi Province of China (Case 5)

DOI:10.3974/geodc.2021.08.05，CSTR:20146.22.2021.08.05，GCdataPR [2021]05

The case is led by Associate Researcher Wang Yongsheng from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences，and launched by a team jointly composed of Yang County Government，Villagers of Caoba Village，Zhuhuanhu Fruit Industry Professional Cooperative of Yang County, etc. The case has been listed as a case of the "Geographical Indications Environment & Sustainability " (Case 5).

The appearance of black rice grains in Yang County is long and elliptical, with a gray brown rice husk that is shiny and shiny, making it a precious item in rice and a tribute to the court. Many literature and cultural relics confirm that black rice was planted in Yang County more than 3000 years ago. Based on this, Yang County is listed as the birthplace of black rice in China. In 1995, Yang County was listed as a national demonstration area for comprehensive black rice standards by the National Bureau of Technical Supervision; In April 2006, Black rice from Yang County obtained the national geographical protection product certification. Yang County is known as the "Hometown of Crested Ibis", and Caoba Village is the first place where Crested Ibis settle from high altitude to low altitude areas. In 2021, the Black Rice and Crested Ibis ( Nipponia nippon) Habitat in Caoba Village, Yang County, was included in the fifth case of Geographical Indications Environment & Sustainability.

Caoba Village is located in the Zhifang subdistrict to the north of Yang County, Shaanxi Province, in the Hanzhong Basin and in the core area of Crested Ibis protection. In 2020, the main land use type of the village was paddy fields, accounting for 79.20% of the total area of the village, followed by rural residential areas and medium coverage grasslands, accounting for 12.44% and 7.52%, respectively. In Caoba Village, the sowing time for late maturing varieties of black rice is recommended to be from April 2nd to 10th every year, and for medium early maturing varieties, it is recommended to be from April 10th to 15th every year. The sowing amount is about 25 kg per mu, and the seedling age is 30 days. When the black millet seedlings have 3-4 tillers, they should be transplanted and transplanted. By early or mid September, the black rice husks will turn from black to grayish brown, and the rice grains will become hard to harvest. From 2000 to 2019, the average annual rainfall in Caoba Village was 785mm, and the average annual temperature from 2014 to 2019 was 14.4 ℃. After testing, the content of cadmium, arsenic, lead, and chromium in the soil of the paddy planting area in Caoba Village meets the standard limits in GB2084-2005, the Water Quality Standards for Irrigation in Farmland. The atmospheric environment of the village is of Grade I all year round, and the irrigation water is of Class I-II, providing the best conditions for the development of organic product production.

Caoba Village strictly follows the "Seven Ones" management mechanism for organic product production, implements standardized production, and 35 types of agricultural products in 7 categories have obtained organic certification from the National Certification and Accreditation Administration. Organic rice products have also obtained EU certification. Relying on the ecological environment advantages in the core area of the Crested Ibis Nature Reserve, the Zhuhuanhu Fruit Industry Professional Cooperative of Yang County in Caoba Village organized members to build an organic rice and rape base of 6050 mu in accordance with the technical standards of organic agricultural production, and built a perfect agricultural product processing, storage and marketing system. 13 categories of products, such as black rice, red rice, fragrant rice, black rice wine, black rice vinegar, black rice noodles, black rice tea, have won the national organic certification. Through the operation model of company+cooperative+base+farmer, we will strengthen cooperation with Shaanxi Supply and Marketing Cooperative, Tmall, JD.com and other platforms, and directly sell organic products to more than 20 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.

Zhuhuanhu Fruit Industry Professional Cooperative of Yang County was established in 2009, with fixed assets of 102 million yuan and an annual output value of 56 million yuan in 2020. The Crested Ibis Lake trademark has been awarded the title of "Famous Trademark in Shaanxi Province", and has been honored as a "National Demonstration Society" and "Top Ten Organic Planting Technology Demonstration Bases in China". The cooperative aims to develop organic characteristic industries, create high-quality agricultural products, adhere to the concept of green development, unify the management of the planting and production process, implement unified seed distribution, provide unified technical training for members, and continuously expand and strengthen the brand and organic series products of Crested Ibis Lake, which is highly welcomed by the consumer market.

The Yang County Black Rice Organic Planting Base has undergone full video monitoring, batch testing, storage and preservation boxes, and network QR code management, achieving a one-stop management of planting, processing, and online and offline quality traceability, ensuring organic quality.

"Geographical Indications Environment & Sustainability " is led by the Chinese Geographical Society, incorporated into the action plan of the " Innovation China" professional science and technology service team of the China Association for Science and Technology. Its purpose is to integrate basic sciences such as geography, resources, and ecology, as well as information and communication technologies such as geographic information systems, remote sensing and Earth observation, big data and the Internet of Things, with open science as the basic principle, to protect geographical indications, to promote rural revitalization and regional sustainable development.

DATASET： WANG Yongsheng, YANG Yuanyuan, DU Limin, XIAO Xiangdong, LIU Kaichang, ZHANG Xinrong, BAI Yu. Dataset of GI Environment Protection and Sustainable Development of Black Rice and Crested Ibis ( Nipponia nippon) Habitat in Caoba Village, Yang County, Shaanxi Province of China[J/DB/OL]. Digital Journal of Global Change Data Repository, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2021.08.06.V1.

DATAPAPER： Wang, Y. S., Yang, Y. Y., Liu, Y. S., et al.GIES Case Dataset on Yangxian Black Rice Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) Habitat in Caoba Village, Shaanxi Province of China[J]. Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery,2021.5(3):290-299 .DOI: 10.3974/geodp.2021.03.07.

WANG Yongsheng, Associate researcher of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences, mainly engaged in research on agricultural resource utilization and its environmental effects, land consolidation projects and regional development, and presided over more than 10 projects such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the strategic pilot project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Beijing outstanding talents. He has published more than 50 papers as the first/corresponding author, including more than 20 SCI/SSCI papers, 2 authorized invention patents, 4 utility models, participated in the preparation of 2 local regulations, and 4 monographs. In 2016, he was selected as one of the outstanding talents in Beijing, and won the first prize of the exemplary individual of the third party evaluation of the national poverty alleviation and development work effect, and the first prize of the Land and Resources Science and Technology Award. He served as the deputy secretary general of the Geographic Big Data Committee of the Chinese Geographical Society, and a member of the Land and Resources Committee of the Chinese Natural Resources Society.