Dataset of Spatio-Temporal
Variation in Effective Accumulated Temperature, Heat Use Efficiency in
Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Henan, China (1981-2014)
Chang, Q.1, 2 Wang, J.1 *
Yu, W. D.3 Zhang,
N.4 Li, M. W.5 Meng, J.2
Li, W. K.6 Huang, M. X.1
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. Shanxi Meteorological Service Center, Taiyuan 030000,
China;
3. China Meteorological Administrator/Henan Provincial Key
Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard and Applied Technique, Zhengzhou 450003,
China;
4. Shanxi Meteorological Information Center, Taiyuan 030002,
China;
5. Shanxi Climate Center, Taiyuan 030002, China;
6. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Service Center, Jinan
250000, China
Abstract: Studying heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system and
its promotion potential in Henan province is of vital importance to the
adaptation of crop production in Henan province, North China Plain and even the
globe to climate change. Firstly, authors collected the meteorological data
(daily average temperature) and agro-meteorological data (actual sowing date, maturity
date and yield of wheat and maize) at 17 study sites in Henan province from
1981 to 2014. Secondly, dataset of effective accumulated temperature, heat use
efficiency (HUE) and its promotion potential in wheat, maize and wheat-maize
rotation system were conducted by statistical methods including regression
analysis and significance test with Matlab programming. Lastly, the study results
at the site scale were interpolated to the regional scale with the method of
Inverse Distance Weight. The data results showed that there was a high gap
between potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures of wheat-maize
rotation system in the north and east parts of Henan province, while HUE in the
northern and eastern Henan province was higher than that in the southern and
western Henan province. The gap between potential and actual effective accumulated
temperatures and HUE of wheat-maize rotation system increased with periods. The
spatial data includes 3 parts: (1) planting area of wheat-maize rotation system
and distribution of 17 study sites in Henan province; (2) spatial distribution
of effective accumulated temperature and HUE of wheat-maize rotation system;
(3) spatial distribution of change in effective accumulated temperature and HUE
of wheat-maize rotation system from 1981 to 2014. Tabular data was archived in
4 Excel tables. Table 1 includes effective accumulated temperature during the
growth periods of wheat and maize of different varieties in the four regions of
Henan province in 2 workbooks separately. Table 2 includes actual growth
periods of wheat, maize and the rotation system and their lengths at 17 study
sites of Henan province in 3 workbooks separately. Table 3 includes effective accumulated
temperatures of wheat, maize and the rotation system and their changes at 17
study sites of Henan province in 3 workbooks separately. Table 4 includes HUE
of wheat, maize and the rotation system and their changes at 17 study sites of
Henan province in 3 workbooks separately. The dataset was archived in .xlsx,
.shp and .tif formats in 56 files, with data size of 4.26 MB (compressed to
1.40 MB in one file).
Keywords: heat use efficiency; wheat-maize rotation
system; Henan province; 1981?C2014
Dataset Availability Statement:
The
dataset supporting this paper was published and is accessible through the Digital Journal of Global Change Data Repository at: https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2020.05.15.V1.
1 Introduction
North China Plain is one of the most important planting
regions of wheat and maize[1] in which Henan province plays an
important role[2]. It will be beneficial to make full use of light
and heat resources and improve the coincidence of crop growth requirement and
heat resources supply through wheat-maize rotation system[3-6]. Light and heat resources are rich in Henan
province[7], but there is a big difference in the distribution
characteristics of heat resources in different regions of Henan province due to
the change of solar altitude and elevation. The spatio-temporal distribution
and the promotion potential of heat use efficiency in wheat-maize rotation
system are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the temporal and
spatial distribution characteristics of potential and actual effective
accumulated temperatures and heat use efficiency and evaluate quantitatively
utilization degree and promotion potential of heat resource in wheat-maize rotation
system based on statistical analysis in Henan province. It will be convenient
and reasonable to regionally improve the heat use efficiency and tapping crop
production potential according to local climate conditions in Henan province.
In
this dataset[8], spatio-temporal distribution of potential and
actual effective accumulated temperatures and their gap, heat use efficiency
and its promotion potential in wheat-maize rotation system were collected by
using the data of daily average temperature, actual growth periods and yields
of wheat and maize from 1981 to 2014 at 17 study sites. Through the method of
collation, calculation, statistics and regression analysis, we finally
interpolate potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures, their gap
and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system into the regional scale
with inverse distance weight method. This dataset will provide references for
the promotion of regional heat use efficiency, exploitation of crop production
potential and adaptation to climate change.
2 Metadata of the Dataset
The metadata summary of the ??Dataset of effective
accumulated temperature, heat use efficiency and trend in the wheat-maize
rotation system in Henan, China (1981-2014)??[8] including name, authors,
geographical region, years, temporal resolution, data files, data publisher, and
data sharing policy is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Metadata summary of the ??Dataset of effective
accumulated temperature, heat use efficiency and trend in the wheat-maize
rotation system in Henan, China (1981-2014)??
|
Items
|
Description
|
|
Dataset full
name
|
Dataset
of effective accumulated temperature, heat use efficiency and trend in the
wheat-maize rotation system in Henan, China (1981-2014)
|
|
Dataset short
name
|
AccuTemHUE_Wheat&Maize_Henan
|
|
Authors
|
Chang, Q.,
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University/Shanxi
Meteorological Service Center, changqing707448911@163.com
Wang, J.,
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University,
wangj@cau.edu.cn
Yu, W. D., China
Meteorological Administrator/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological
Safeguard and Applied Technique, ywd@hims.org.cn
Zhang, N.,
Shanxi Meteorological Information Center, xxzxzhning@163.com
Li, M. W.,
Shanxi Climate Center, lmw0706@163.com
Meng, J., Shanxi
Meteorological Service Center, ZSshaking@163.com
Li, W. K.,
Shandong Provincial Meteorological Service Center, liwenke0112@163.com
Huang, M. X.,
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University,
1959837491@qq.com
|
|
Geographical region
|
Henan (31??23¢N-36??22¢N, 110??21¢E-116??39¢E). 17 study sites: Tangyin, Puyang,
Xinxiang, Qinyang and Fengqiu in Northern Henan; Sanmenxia, Lushi, Yichuan
and Ruzhou in western Henan; Qixian, Shangqiu, Huangfanqu, Shenyang and
Zhumadian in eastern Henan; Neixiang, Nanyang and Fangcheng in sourthern
Henan
|
|
Year
|
1981-2014
|
|
Temporal resolution
|
1 Year
|
|
Data format
|
.tif, .shp, .m,
.xlsx
|
|
Data size
|
1.4 MB (After
compression)
|
|
Data files
|
Spatial data:
(1) Area of wheat-maize rotation system and 17 study sites in Henan province;
(2) Spatial and temporal distribution of effective accumulated temperature
and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system from 1981 to 2014
Tabular data:
(1) The effective accumulated temperature during the growth period of wheat
and maize of different varieties in the northern, southern, eastern and
western Henan; (2) The actual growth period and its length, effective accumulated
temperature and its change rate, heat use efficiency and its trend of wheat,
maize and the rotation system based on the 17 study sites
|
|
Foundations
|
Ministry of
Science and Technology of P. R. China (2017YFD0300105, 2017YFD0300404); China
Meteorological Administration (CCSF202018)
|
|
Data publisher
|
Global Change
Research Data Publishing & Repository, http://www.geodoi.ac.cn
|
|
Address
|
No. 11A, Datun
Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
|
|
Data sharing policy
|
Data from the
Global Change Research Data Publishing &Repository includes metadata, datasets
(in the Digital Journal of Global Change Data Repository), and publications
(in the Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery). Data sharing
policy includes: (1) Data are openly available and can be free
downloaded via the Internet; (2) End users are encouraged to use Data subject
to citation; (3) Users, who are by definition also value-added service providers,
are welcome to redistribute Data subject to written permission
from the GCdataPR Editorial Office and the issuance of a Data redistribution
license; and (4) If Data are used to compile new datasets, the
??ten per cent principal?? should be followed such that Data records
utilized should not surpass 10% of the new dataset contents, while sources
should be clearly noted in suitable places in the new dataset[9]
|
|
Communication and searchable system
|
DOI, DCI, CSCD,
WDS/ISC, GEOSS, China GEOSS, Crossref
|
3 Methods
Daily
average temperature in 17 study sites from 1981 to 2014 in Henan province in
this dataset[8] were from National Meteorological Information
Center, China Meteorological Administration, which is used to calculate the
potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures and their gap. The
actual growth period and yield of wheat and maize were obtained from
agricultural meteorological observation stations of Henan province, which were
used to calculate the actual effective accumulated temperature and heat use
efficiency.
3.1 Algorithm Principle
There
are large differences in spatio-temporal distribution of heat utilization
degree of wheat-maize rotation system and its promotion potential due to the
decreasing elevation from west to east and the uneven distribution of heat and
light resources in Henan province. The algorithm principle of this dataset is
to understand intuitively the overall distribution of heat resource and the
utilization degree of crop on heat resources by studying the temporal and
spatial distribution of potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures
of wheat-maize rotation system in Henan province. We can master the promotion
potential of heat use efficiency in this
area by analyzing the gap between potential and actual effective accumulated
temperatures of wheat-maize rotation system. In this case, it can provide a theoretical
basis for optimal allocation of heat resources, exploitation of production
potential and the promotion of heat resource utilization rate. This method
mainly consists of three steps:
(1) Calculate the
potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures, their gap and heat use
efficiency.
(i) Potential effective
accumulated temperature is defined as effective accumulated temperature during
the potential growth period, which is calculated as
, where Ti ??0 ??C, Ti is the daily
average temperature from October of last year to May of the following year, TTW_P
is the potential effective accumulated temperature of wheat.
, where Ti ??10 ??C, Ti is the daily
average temperature from June to September, TTM_P is the
potential effective accumulated temperature of maize.
, where TTW_P, TTM_P and TTP
are the potential effective accumulated temperatures of wheat, maize and the
rotation system, respectively.
(ii) Actual effective accumulated temperature is defined as effective
accumulated temperature during the actual growth period of wheat and maize,
which is calculated as
, where Ti ??0 ??C; Ti is the daily
average temperature during the actual growth period of wheat (Figure 1), TTW_A
is actual effective accumulated temperature of wheat.
, where Ti ??10 ??C; Ti is the daily
average temperature during the actual growth period of maize (Figure 1), TTM_A
is actual effective accumulated temperature of maize.
, where TTW_A, TTM_A and TTA
are actual effective accumulated temperatures of wheat, maize and the
rotation system, respectively.
(iii) The gap between potential and actual accumulated temperatures is
defined as potential effective accumulated temperature minus actual effective
accumulated temperature. The gap between potential and actual accumulated
temperatures of wheat, maize and the rotation system are calculated as follows:
, 
, 
, where TTW_P, TTM_P, TTP,
TTW_A, TTM_A, TTA, TTW,
TTM, TT are potential effective accumulated temperature,
actual effective accumulated temperature of wheat, maize and the rotation system
respectively and their gap .
|
Figure 1 Actual growth
periods and their average values of wheat and maize in 17 sites in the study
area (Notes: Sowing date of maize was earlier than the maturity
date of wheat at some sites in Henan province, which is related to the
calculation method of taking the perennial average of sowing and harvesting
dates and the planting method with intercropping of wheat and maize)
|
(iv) Heat use efficiency of wheat, maize and the rotation system are calculated
as follows:
, where HUE is heat
use efficiency; Y is actual yield (kg??hm‒2);
Ti is the actual effective
temperature on the ith day during the
actual growth period (The actual effective temperature meets the following
conditions: the daily average temperature during the actual growth period of
wheat is greater than 0 ??C and the daily average temperature during the actual growth period of maize
is greater than 10 ??C), k is the length of growth
period;
is actual effective
accumulated temperature.
(2) Temporal trends of potential and actual effective
temperatures, their gap and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system
are analyzed by the method of linear regression[10].
(3)
The results in site scale were interpolated to region scale by the method of
inverse distance weight interpolation[2] (IDW) to obtain spatial
distribution characteristics and variation trends.
3.2 Technical Route
The development of this dataset included three steps:
(1) spatial distribution of potential and actual effective temperatures, their
gap and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system were obtained by data
collection and sorting, calculation and analysis; (2) temporal variation characteristics
of potential and actual effective temperatures, their gap and heat use
efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system were obtained by linear regression
and analysis; and (3) results at
site scale were converted to
spatial scale by the method of inverse distance weight interpolation (IDW).
4 Data Results and Validation
4.1 Data Composition
The dataset consists of 3 spatial data files and 1
tabular data file. Spatial data files includes: (1) planting region of
wheat-maize rotation system and distribution of 17 study sites in Henan
province; (2) spatial distribution of effective accumulated temperature and
heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system; (3) spatial distribution of
the trend in effective accumulated temperature and heat use efficiency of
wheat-maize rotation system from 1981 to 2014. Tabular data file consists of 4 data
tables: (1) the effective accumulated temperature during the growth periods of
wheat and maize of different varieties in the four regions; (2) the actual
growth periods of wheat, maize and the rotation system and their lengths based
on the study sites; (3) effective accumulated temperature of wheat, maize and
the rotation system and their trends based on study sites; (4) heat use
efficiency of wheat, maize and the rotation system and their trends based on
study sites.
4.2 Data Results
4.2.1
Actual
Growth Periods of Wheat-Maize Rotation System and Their Interannual Change
|
Figure 2
The length of growth period of wheat-maize rotation system in
different regions and periods during 1981-2014 in Henan province
|
The lengths of growth period of wheat- maize rotation system in different
years ranged from 325-342 d with slight
increase in northern Henan, increase-
decrease-increase in eastern Henan, decrease
in western Henan and decrease- increase in southern Henan (Figure 2).
The spatial and temporal variations of the length of
growth periods were caused by climate change, variety replacement of wheat and
maize, and the change of sowing date in different regions.
4.2.2 Temporal and Spatial
Distribution
Potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures,
their gap and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system were 3,815-4,560 ??Cd (Figure 3a), 3,650-3,764 ??Cd (Figure 3b), 154-827 ??Cd (Figure 3c) and 1.5-3.5 kg??(??Cd??ha)-1 (Figure 3d), respectively. The potential
effective accumulated temperature in the south was higher than that in the
north and it was higher in the middle of Henan province than that in the east
and west parts of Henan province. The actual effective accumulated temperature
was higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast. The gap between potential
and actual effective accumulated temperatures reduced with the latitude, while
the heat use efficiency was in the distribution characteristic of high-low-high
from the northeast to the southwest. Potential and actual effective accumulated
temperatures and their gap were lower in the northern and western Henan than
other regions. The shortage of heat resources was one of the major factors that
limiting the promotion of heat use
efficiency. The potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures and their
gap in the eastern part of western Henan were higher than other regions. The
potential effective accumulated temperature was higher while the actual
effective accumulated temperature was lower in southern and most part of
eastern Henan than other regions. As a result, the gap between potential and
actual effective accumulated temperatures was higher in the region than other
regions. Therefore, heat use efficiency was lower in east part of western Henan,
most parts of eastern Henan and southern Henan in spite of the abundance in
thermal resources, which suggest large promotion potential of heat use
efficiency in these regions.
Figure 4 showed the temporal distribution
characteristics of potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures,
their gap and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system. The potential
effective accumulated temperature increased significantly except Fengqiu in
northern Henan (Figure 4a) and the actual effective accumulated temperature
increased significantly except Fangcheng in southern Henan (Figure 4b). Their
gap decreased significantly at 2 sites, increased significantly at 6 sites and
did not change significantly at other
|
Figure 3 Spatial
distribution of potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures, their
gap and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system
Figure 4 Spatial distribution of
the change trend of potential and actual effective accumulated temperatures,
their gap and heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system
|
sites
of Henan province (Figure 4c). Heat use efficiency increased significantly except
Huangfanqu in eastern Henan and Yichuan in western Henan (Figure 4d). The
results showed that the utilization degree of heat resource was improved significantly
by the improvement of crop varieties, planting techniques and facilities under
the background of climate warming, but there is still a great potential to
improve heat use efficiency in most areas of Henan province, especially in
southern and most parts of eastern Henan.
4.3 Data Validation
Figure 5 showed the standard deviation
and relative deviation of effective accumulated temperature and heat use
efficiency of wheat and maize in four regions of Henan province from 1981 to
2014. Compared with existing relevant study results[3,11-12], the standard deviation of effective
accumulated temperature of wheat was 34.02-162.95 ??Cd, while the relative deviation was 2.14%-10.62%. The
standard deviation of heat use efficiency of wheat was 0.001-0.28 kg??(??Cd??ha)‒1, while the relative deviation was 0.08%- 18.46% (Figure 5a). The
standard deviation of effective accumulated temperature of maize was 45.94-286.84 ??Cd, while the relative
deviation was 2.47%-15.64%. The standard deviation of heat use efficiency
of maize was 0.18-0.40 kg??(??Cd??ha)‒1,
while the relative deviation was 15.21%-24.29% (Figure 5b).
The highest and lowest deviation of effective accumulated temperature of wheat
was in southern and eastern Henan respectively, while the highest and lowest
deviation of heat use efficiency was in southern and northern Henan
respectively. The highest and lowest deviation of effective accumulated temperature
of maize was in eastern and western Henan respectively, while the deviation of
heat use efficiency was higher in northern and southern Henan than that in
western and eastern Henan. The generation of deviation was related to the
selected years, the distribution of sites and the measurement accuracy.
5 Discussion and Conclusion
The study systematically
analyzed spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of heat resources and
heat use efficiency of the wheat-maize rotation system, and quantitatively evaluated
heat utilization rate of wheat and maize and its promotion potential based on
the
|
Figure 5 Standard deviation and relative deviation of
effective accumulated temperature and heat use efficiency of wheat and maize
in Henan
province
|
meteorological data of 17 study sites in Henan province
from 1981 to 2014. It will provide an important support on the further improvement
of heat use efficiency in this area. The study results showed that there were abundant
heat resources in most areas of Henan province, especially in the eastern and
southern Henan province. However, heat resources have not been fully used due
to the short crop growth period. Therefore, the improvement of heat use
efficiency in this area should be paid more attention in the future. This study
will be a sound foundation for further research on heat use efficiency in Henan
province and North China Plain.
Authors
Contributions
Wang, J. put forward and promoted the
research, designed the dataset, edited and revised the data paper; Chang, Q.
collated, compiled and analyzed the critical data, and wrote the paper; Yu, W.
D., Zhang, N., Li, M. W., Meng, J., Li, W. K., and Huang, M. X. participated in
the processing and analysis of this study.
References
[1]
Wang, J.,
Wang, E. L., Yang, X. G., et al. Increased yield potential of
wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain by climate change
adaptation [J]. Climate Change,
2012, 113(3/4): 825‒840.
[2]
Chang, Q.,
Wang, J., Yu, W. D., et al. Tempo-spatial characteristics and impacts factors
of radiation use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system in Henan province
[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(3): 316‒325.
[3]
Yu, W. D.,
Chen, H. L. Study on precise comprehensive agricultural climate regional
planning of summer maize in Henan province [J]. Meteorological and
Environmental Sciences,
2010, 33(2): 14‒18.
[4]
Xue, Y. D.,
Xin, J. S., Ren, Y., et al. Characteristics and gradations of cultivated
land fertility for winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China
[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2015, 32(6): 530‒536.
[5]
Hu, F. L.,
Gan, Y. T., Zhao, C., et al. Intercropping maize and wheat with
conservation agriculture principles improves water harvesting and reduces
carbon emissions in dry areas [J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2016, 74: 9‒17.
[6]
Yang, L. L.,
Ding, X. Q., Liu, X. J., et al. Impacts of long-term jujube tree/winter
wheat-summer maize intercropping on soil fertility and economic efficiency: a
case study in the lower North China Plain [J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2016, 75(1): 105‒117.
[7]
Chang, Q.,
Wang, J., Yu, W. D., et al. Spatio-temporal variation and potential of
heat use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system in Henan province [J]. Resources
Science, 2019, 41(6): 1176‒1187.
[8]
Chang, Q.,
Wang, J., Yu, W. D., et al. Dataset of effective
accumulated temperature, heat use efficiency and trend in the wheat-maize
rotation system in Henan, China (1981-2014) [J/DB/OL]. Digital Journal of Global Change Data Repository,
2020. https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2020.05.15.V1.
[9]
GCdataPR Editorial Office. GCdataPR data sharing policy [OL]. https://doi.org/10.3974/dp.policy.2014.05 (Updated 2017).
[10]
Shen, C.,
Zeng, Y., Xiao, H., et al. Changes of sunshine hours in the recent 40
years over Jiangsu province [J]. Scientia Meteotologica Sinica, 2007, 27(4): 425‒429.
[11]
Yu, W. D.,
Chen, H. L. Study on precise comprehensive agricultural climate regional
planning of quality wheat in Henan province [J]. Chinese Agricultural
Science Bulletin, 2010,
26(11): 381‒385.
[12]
Xu, Y. H.,
Li, S. Y. Impact of climate change on climatic resources utilization efficiency
of wheat and maize in Henan province [J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid
Areas, 2019, 37(5):
218‒225.