Spatial
Data Analysis of the Nomadic Grassland System
in Arhorqin, Inner Mongolia, an Important Global Agricultural Cultural
Heritage Site of FAO
Wang, Z. X. Min, Q. W.
Institute
of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, State Key Laboratory
of Resource and Environmental Information System, Beijing 100101, China
Abstract:
On May 20, 2022, "Arukorqin Grassland Nomadic
System" was recognized by FAO as "an important global agricultural
cultural heritage system ". This brings the total number of "important
global agricultural cultural heritage" to 67, including 18 in China. The
heritage site of "Arukorqin Grassland Nomadic System" includes all
Bayan Wendur Sumu in Arukorqin Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, including
23 Gacha (villages), one forest farm (Hanshan Forst), and one forest protection
station, with a total area of 3375 km2. This data set is the spatial data part
of heritage sites, including 7 categories: (1) spatial location and scope of
heritage sites: Arhorqin Banner; Bayan Wendur Sumu; 23 Gacha, 1 forest farm, 1
forest protection station; (2) Grassland nomadic system division: winter and
spring pasture, Hanshan forest, summer and autumn pasture; (3) Landform: 30
m-DEM and 10 m-Slope; (4) Land use: 8 categories; (5) 3 main rivers and 3
nomadic routes; (6) NDVI: Sentinel 2 satellite in July 2018, 10 m; (7)
Classification of soil erosion intensity: classification of soil erosion
intensity of forest, shrubbery, grassland and bare land. The data archive
format is Shp and Tif. This data consists of 108 data files, with a data volume
of 740 MB (compressed into 2 files, 565 MB).
Keywords: important global agricultural cultural heritage system; Arhorqin Banner;
Bayan Wendur Sumu: Grassland nomadic system; Heritage sites; Soil erosion; Sentinel
2 satellite
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2022.04.11
CSTR: https://cstr.escience.org.cn/CSTR:20146.14.2022.04.11
Dataset Availability Statement:
The dataset supporting this
paper was published and is accessible through the Digital Journal of Global Change Data Repository at: https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2022.08.07.V1
or https://cstr.escience.org.cn/CSTR:20146.11.2022.08.07.V1.
1 Introduction
Globally
Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is a new type of world heritage
that FAO began to incubate in 2002, It is "conceptually equivalent to the
world cultural heritage. It is a unique land use system and agricultural
landscape formed under the long-term co evolution and dynamic adaptation of
rural areas and their environment. This system and landscape has rich
biodiversity, and can meet the needs of local social, economic and cultural
development, and is conducive to promoting regional sustainable development
[1-2]." To obtain GIAHS certification, you must have outstanding
characteristics in five areas: food and livelihood security; Biodiversity and
ecological functions; Traditional knowledge and adaptive technology;
Agricultural culture, value system and social organization; Outstanding
landscape and water and soil resource management [3-4].
The Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Affairs launched the excavation and protection of
"China's important agricultural cultural heritage" in 2012. By
November 12, 2021, 138 "Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage of
China" certifications have been delivered in 6 batches; As of May 20,
2022, 18 Chinese heritages have been included in the FAO list of
"Important Global Agricultural Cultural Heritage".
Arukorqin grassland
nomadic system, including the whole Bayan Wendur Sumu, Arukorqin Banner,
Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, covers an area of 3375 km2. This heritage site
was included in the list of "Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage in
China" in 2014, and was recognized as "Important Global Agricultural
Cultural Heritage" by FAO in 2022. The main body of the heritage land is a
semi-arid continental climate. The interannual change of ecological conditions
is large, and it is difficult to predict the grassland productivity. Under such
natural security conditions, if family based animal husbandry (grazing) is
adopted, some families may be unable to sustain their livelihoods. According to
the seasonal and topographic conditions, it may be an inevitable choice for the
local people to live by water and grass (nomadic) in a large space and time
combination.
Of course,
everything has two sides. The boundary of nomadic grassland is not very clear,
and grazing management depends on traditional customs and internal consultation
[5-6]. Although the grassland nomadic system can effectively alleviate the
uncertainty brought by the changing climate in semi-arid areas to the animal
husbandry, it also faces boundary disputes,
large-scale fencing, and "tragedy of commons" caused by the unclear
property rights of the grassland in the nomadic system [7-9]. With the increasing
popularity of the heritage site, future tourism and production activities will
bring new opportunities and challenges to the development and protection of the
heritage site, so solid scientific research is needed [10].
This data set is
the spatial data part of the grassland nomadic system in Arhorqin, including 7
categories, which can support the management and research of heritage sites.
2 Metadata of the Dataset
Metadata for the "Spatial Dataset of the
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System - The Nomadic System of the Ar
Horqin Grassland in Inner Mongolia" is listed in Table 1 [11].
3 Spatial Data of Heritage Sites
3.1 Overview of the Heritage Site
The
heritage site is located in Bayan Wendur Sumu, Arhorqin Banner, Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region (Fig. 1a), including 23 Gacha (administrative villages), 1
forest protection station (Genpi Temple), and 1 national nature reserve
(Hanshan Forest) (Fig. 1b), with a total area of 3375 km2. Based on the 25
units, the nomadic division of the grassland nomadic system in Arhorqin is:
"Hanshan Forest" in the middle; 21 Gacha and 1 forest protection
station in the south belong to "Winter Spring Pasture"; North Talin
Hua Gacha and Yatu Te Gacha belong to "Summer and Autumn Pasture"
(Figure 2). In 2018, there were 5533 households with a total population of
15103. By the end of June 2018, the total number of livestock on hand was 2.556
million (456,000 large livestock and 2.047 million sheep); At the end of
December, the total number of livestock on hand was 1.792 million (305000 large
livestock and 1.443 million sheep).
The landform of
the heritage site is characterized by open valleys and hills in the southern
winter and spring pastures, low mountains and medium mountains in the central
and northern Hanshan Forest, and Inner Mongolia plateau in the northern
"summer and autumn pastures". The altitude of the heritage site spans
414-1650m (Figure 2a).
Slope: most of
the pastures are gentle in winter and spring area; The altitude of Hanshan
Forest is high, and most slopes are above 16 degrees; Most pastures in Summer
and Autumn Area is above 1000m, but most slopes are below 25 degrees (Fig. 2b)
Table 1 Metadata for Spatial
Dataset of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System - The Nomadic
System of the Ar Horqin Grassland in Inner Mongolia
Entry
|
Description
|
Dataset full name
|
Spatial Dataset of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System
- The Nomadic System of the Ar Horqin Grassland in Inner Mongolia
|
Dataset short name
|
NomadicSystemArHorqin
|
Authors
|
Wang, Z. X. Institute of Geographic
Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS,wangzx@igsnrr.ac.cn
Min, Q. W. Institute of Geographic
Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, mingqw@igsnrr.ac.cn
|
Geographical region
|
Bayan Wendur Sumu, Arhorqin Banner,
Chifeng City:119°3¢E-120°12¢E,44°32¢N -45°15¢E
|
Year
|
2018-2019
|
Spatial resolution
|
10 m -30 m
|
Data format
|
.shp, .tif
|
|
Data size
|
760 MB
|
Data files
|
7 folders: (1) location and scope of the
heritage site: Banner; Bayan Wendur Sumu; 23 Gacha, 1 Forest Farm 1 Forest
check; (2) Grassland nomadic system division: winter and spring pasture,
Hanshan forest farm, summer and autumn pasture; (3) Landform: 30m DEM and 10m
Slope; (4) Land use: 8 categories; (5) 3 main rivers and 3 nomadic routes;
(6) NDVI: Sentinel 2 satellite in July 2018, 10m; (7) Soil erosion:
Classification of soil erosion intensity of forest, shrubbery, grassland and
bare land.
|
Foundation
|
Ministry of Science and Technology of the
People’s Republic of China(2021YFE0117300)
|
Data computing
|
ArcGIS10.8, SNAP Biophysical Processor (ESA)
|
Publishing and sharing platform
|
Global Change Research Data Publishing
& Repository, http://www.geodoi.ac.cn
|
Address
|
No. 11A, Datun Road,
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
|
Data sharing policy
|
The data of the global
change scientific research data publishing system include metadata (Chinese
and English), entity data (Chinese and English) and data papers (Chinese and
English) published through the Journal of Global Change Data. The
sharing policies are as follows: (1) “Data” are free to the whole society
through the internet system in the most convenient way, and users can browse
and download it for free; (2) the end-user needs to indicate the data source
in the reference or appropriate position according to the reference format
when using “data”; (3) users of value-added services or users who distribute
and disseminate “data” in any form (including through computer servers) need
to sign a written agreement with the editorial department of Journal
of Global Change Data (Chinese and English) and obtain permission;
(4) the author who extracts some records from the “data” to create new data
should follow the 10% citation principle; that is, the data records extracted
from this data set are less than 10% of the total records of the new data
set, and the data source of the extracted data records should be indicated[12]
|
Communication
and searchable system
|
DOI,CSTR,Crossref,DCI,CSCD,CNKI,SciEngine,WDS/ISC,GEOSS
|

|
Figure 1a Bayan
Wendur Sumu
|
Figure 1b Distribution
of Gacha in the heritage site
|

|
Figure 2 DEM
Zone and Slope of the Heritage Site
|
3.2 Land Use and Nomadic System of Heritage Sites
3.2.1 Land use (Figure 3, Table 2)
According
to 2018 land use data (finest, so far), the total area of the heritage site is
337523.4 hm2: grassland 51.32%, forest 26.96%, shrub 15.07%. Among them, the
area of "Winter and Spring Pasture" in the south is the largest,
195699.68 hm2; The area of "Hanshan Forest Farm" in the middle is
84910.68 hm2; The area of "Summer and Autumn Pasture" in the north is
the smallest, 56913.04 hm2.
(1) Winter
spring pasture: the proportion of grassland, forest and shrub forest is close
to that of the whole heritage site. Although the proportion of
"farmland" and "construction land" is less than 4%, this is
the most obvious feature of the region, reflecting the relatively developed
economy of winter and spring pastures.
(2) Summer and
autumn pasture: it has the advantages of wilderness and biodiversity. First,
because the land directly affected by human activities only accounts for 1.33%
(0.73% of farmland, 0.17% of buildings, 0.43% of roads), while the proportion
of other landscapes with more natural characteristics is as high as 98.67%.
This makes the region have a resource that is scarce in modern society -
wilderness or nature, which is of great significance to the development of
ecotourism. This kind of wilderness has improved the diversity of ground
plants: there are nearly 300 species of herbage plants, including more than 30
kinds of medicinal plants commonly used by Mongolian people. The livestock
products produced by the Summer and Autumn Pastures with diversified herbivores
as the main raw materials have better quality. This natural and diversified
herbivorous resource, as well as the length of feeding time, is also an
important indicator for the selection of high-quality mutton in Europe [13].
(3) Hanshan
Forest. As grazing is prohibited in this area, this area mainly provides ecological
services: providing water conservation, water and soil conservation, and biodiversity
provenance for the north and south pastures; It provides three safe passages
for nomadic travel, ensuring grazing and rest on the way; In winter and spring
when forage resources are scarce, appropriate grazing can be carried out in the
"experimental area" at the outermost periphery of the nature reserve;
The forest ecosystem of Hanshan Mountain and the summer and autumn pastures
have their own characteristics and complement each other, which is a complete
system for the future development of ecotourism
3.2.2 Main roads and nomadic routes (Figure 4)
The
roads related to nomadism in the heritage site are mainly as shown in Figure 4:
at the end of May and the beginning of June every year, 21 Kacha in Winter
Spring Pasture start to organize cattle and sheep for transfer, set out at each
Kacha distribution center, and go north along the road. When crossing Hanshan
Forest Farm, it is mainly divided into three routes: east line, middle line and
west line. After entering the summer and autumn pastures, continue to move to
their respective grazing areas according to the traditional grazing areas. In
addition, in addition to the traditional conventions, more detailed spatial
zoning map is required for the cattle and sheep of 21 Gacha (forest protection
station) in Winter Spring Pasture to make better use of the grassland of 2
Gacha in Summer and Autumn Pasture for fine management.
Table 2 Area and percentage of 8 land cover types
in Aqi nomadic area
|
Winter
|
Spring
|
Pasture
|
Summer
|
|
Area, hm2
|
%
|
Area, hm2
|
%
|
Area, hm2
|
%
|
Area, hm2
|
%
|
Farmland
|
7784.8
|
3.98
|
414.16
|
0.73
|
0.2
|
0.00
|
8199.16
|
2.43
|
Forest
|
47107.6
|
24.07
|
1584.76
|
2.78
|
42317.92
|
49.84
|
91010.28
|
26.96
|
Shrubwood
|
32770
|
16.75
|
250.72
|
0.44
|
17836.76
|
21.01
|
50857.48
|
15.07
|
Grassland
|
98193.84
|
50.18
|
51348.92
|
90.22
|
23675.24
|
27.88
|
173218
|
51.32
|
Construction
land
|
1141.36
|
0.58
|
98.16
|
0.17
|
12.36
|
0.01
|
1251.88
|
0.37
|
Land for
transportation
|
920.28
|
0.47
|
242.56
|
0.43
|
62.44
|
0.07
|
1225.28
|
0.36
|
Surface wetland
|
2987.4
|
1.53
|
627.84
|
1.10
|
324.12
|
0.38
|
3939.36
|
1.17
|
Bare land
|
4794.4
|
2.45
|
2345.92
|
4.12
|
681.64
|
0.80
|
7821.96
|
2.32
|
Total
|
195699.68
|
100
|
56913.04
|
100
|
84910.68
|
100
|
337523.4
|
100
|

|

|
Figure 3 Land
use of heritage sites(2019)
|
Figure 4 Main Roads and Nomadic Routes of the
Heritage
|
3.3 Land degradation assessment of nomadic system
3.3.1 Basic considerations for land
degradation assessment of nomadic system
(1) Scope of
assessment: land degradation assessment is only conducted for four land uses
directly related to nomadic system, namely "forest, shrubbery, grassland
and bare land".
(2) Assessment
indicators and methods: The "Classification and Grading Standards of Soil
Erosion" [14] of the Ministry of Water Resources was selected as the
quality indicator of grazing land. As the heritage site is located in the
crisscross area of water erosion and wind erosion, the grazing land is first
classified into water erosion and wind erosion, and then the "Max" of
the pixel is represented by a more serious level.
(3) Time
representativeness of assessment: vegetation coverage data (replaced by
Sentinel 2 NDVI) is required for both water erosion assessment and wind erosion
assessment. NDVI closely follows the increase of precipitation, so it is
necessary to make a compromise: NDVI is better (not necessarily the largest), and
it is sufficient to use sunny data to synthesize the whole pastoral area. The
comparison results show that there are many clouds and fogs in August 2018, and
it is impossible to obtain enough sunny data; In September, the vegetation
coverage in the north of Hanshan Forest Farm has decreased significantly. July
is the best month, so July 2018 is taken as the reference Year (Figure 5).

Figure 5 NDVI of heritage
site in 2018 (Sentinel 2 satellite, July and September 2018)
3.3.2 Soil Erosion Assessment Results
(1) Water
erosion
All Pastures: no
erosion accounted for 32.23%, and slight erosion accounted for 50.49%,
accounting for 82.72% in total. Moderate erosion is 15.86%, and severe erosion
is 1.42%. The grazing land is mainly subject to slight hydraulic erosion.
3 Pastures:
Zone: In terms of "slight and below water erosion", Hanshan Forest
accounts for 94.10%, with the highest quality; The southern winter spring
pasture accounts for 80.79%, with medium quality; The proportion of summer and
autumn pastures in the north is 71.75%, which is the worst among the three
pastural areas. (Figure 6a, Table 5)
(2) Wind erosion
In all nomadic
areas, "no erosion" accounts for 37.25%, and "slight
erosion" accounts for 36.15%. (Figure 6b, Table 6)
In 3 nomadic
areas: In term of "the proportion of mild and below wind erosion in the
area of the whole region", the Winter Spring Pasture in the south is
70.26%, the Summer Autumn Pasture in the north is 49.18%, and the Hanshan
Forest is 96.07%.
Summer and Autumn
pastures: since the grassland in summer and autumn pastures accounts for
90.22%, the degree of wind erosion of the grassland can reflect the quality of
pasture. The proportion of grassland free from wind erosion is only 7.68%, the
proportion of light wind erosion is 41.47%, the proportion of moderate wind
erosion is 47.60%, and the proportion of "strong and above wind
erosion" is 3.24%.
(3) Max soil
erosion (Figure 6c, Table 7)
Nomadic system: in
all pastures, "no erosion" accounts for 19.94%, and slight erosion
accounts for 47.39%, accounting for 67.33% in total. Moderate erosion accounts
for 31.80%, and "strong and above erosion" accounts for 0.86%. As it
is the first level of water erosion and wind erosion, the proportion of
"mild and lower soil erosion" decreases.
Three pastoral
areas: in terms of the proportion of "Slight and below soil erosion (best
grass)", Winter Spring Pasture accounts for 63.58%, central Hanshan Forest
accounts for 91.73%, and northern Summer and Autumn Pasture accounts for
42.59%.

|
(a) Water erosion
|
(b) Wind erosion
|
(c) Max SoilErosion
|
Figure 6 Land Erosion
Intensity of Pasture in the Heritage Site
Table 5 Classification of water erosion
of grassland in nomadic system of heritage site(%)
Soil Erosion
Class
|
1-No
|
2-Slight
|
3-Moderrate
|
4-Strong
|
5- Extremely strong
|
6-Severe
|
Total
|
Winter spring pasture
|
30.10
|
50.70
|
17.48
|
1.44
|
0.27
|
0.02
|
100
|
Summer and Autumn Pasture
|
19.24
|
52.51
|
26.06
|
1.81
|
0.33
|
0.05
|
100
|
Hanshan Forest Farm
|
45.38
|
48.71
|
5.63
|
0.25
|
0.02
|
0.00
|
100
|
Total
|
32.23
|
50.49
|
15.86
|
1.19
|
0.21
|
0.02
|
100
|
Table 6 Classification
of Wind Erosion of Grassland (%)
Soil Erosion
Class
|
1-No
|
2-Slight
|
3-Moderrate
|
4-Strong
|
5- Extremely strong
|
6-Severe
|
Total
|
Winter spring pasture
|
25.84
|
44.43
|
26.90
|
2.34
|
0.48
|
0.01
|
100
|
Summer and
Autumn Pasture
|
9.73
|
39.45
|
45.95
|
3.29
|
1.42
|
0.16
|
100
|
Hanshan forest
farm
|
80.02
|
16.05
|
3.20
|
0.37
|
0.36
|
0.01
|
100
|
Total
|
37.25
|
36.15
|
23.97
|
1.99
|
0.61
|
0.04
|
100
|
Northern summer
and autumn pasture: only 5.39% of the pasture land in summer and autumn pasture
is not eroded, 37.20% is slightly eroded, and 51.14% is moderately eroded. This
shows that the quality of pastures in summer and autumn poor is poor, and the
pressure of grassland restoration is great in the future.
3.4 Ground investigation (Figure 7)
In
order to verify the applicability of soil erosion assessment, we visited the
west line (Hundulun area) and the middle line (Tallinghua area) of the summer
and autumn pastures in July 2019, our findings are summarized below.
Table 7 Max
of (Water,Wind) Soil Erosion Severity of Pasture in Nomadic System (%)
Soil Erosion
Class
|
1-No
|
2-Slight
|
3-Moderrate
|
4-Strong
|
5- Extremely strong
|
6-Severe
|
Total
|
Forest
|
27.59
|
55.91
|
15.66
|
0.74
|
0.10
|
0.00
|
100
|
Shrubwood
|
5.45
|
45.51
|
43.27
|
4.87
|
0.87
|
0.04
|
100
|
Grassland
|
11.33
|
48.70
|
36.02
|
3.49
|
0.44
|
0.02
|
100
|
Bare soil
|
2.56
|
23.91
|
42.12
|
18.49
|
12.54
|
0.36
|
100
|
(1) Subtotal of
winter spring pasture
|
14.24
|
49.34
|
32.23
|
3.42
|
0.74
|
0.03
|
100
|
Forest
|
36.91
|
52.35
|
9.06
|
1.21
|
0.44
|
0.03
|
100
|
Shrubwood
|
40.65
|
52.14
|
6.88
|
0.31
|
0.02
|
0.01
|
100
|
Grassland
|
4.45
|
37.85
|
53.09
|
3.68
|
0.84
|
0.09
|
100
|
Bare soil
|
1.01
|
11.07
|
41.74
|
21.89
|
21.45
|
2.83
|
100
|
(2) Subtotal of
summer and autumn pasture
|
5.39
|
37.20
|
51.14
|
4.36
|
1.70
|
0.21
|
100
|
Forest
|
48.64
|
49.66
|
1.63
|
0.06
|
0.01
|
0.00
|
100
|
Shrubwood
|
34.80
|
53.39
|
11.21
|
0.53
|
0.07
|
0.00
|
100
|
Grassland
|
35.92
|
48.55
|
14.13
|
1.07
|
0.32
|
0.01
|
100
|
Bare soil
|
10.22
|
17.74
|
23.36
|
15.01
|
33.06
|
0.61
|
100
|
(3) Subtotal of
Hanshan Forest
|
41.85
|
49.88
|
7.33
|
0.56
|
0.38
|
0.01
|
100
|
Total
|
19.94
|
47.39
|
28.97
|
2.83
|
0.81
|
0.05
|
100
|
3.4.1 Slope system
The 10 m data of Sentinel 2 satellite can easily quantitatively describe
the areal erosion of different degrees. Including grassland in different
states; From no erosion to moderate erosion and severe erosion to rocky
desertification. However, Sentinel 2 satellite failed to detect gullies
developed on the slope and deep parent material layer, which may directly form
gullies in the rainstorm season (Fig. 7a - Fig. 7d). Most gullies are less than
5m wide, 3-4 m deep and more than 10m long.

|

|

|

|
(a) Moderate erosion
|
(b) Severe erosion
|
(c) Gully erosion on Slope
|
(d) Gully erosion on road
|

|

|

|

|
(e) The road is cut off by streams
|
(f) The subgrade is washed out by streams
|
(g) The road is buried by sand
|
(h) Seasonal road
|
Figure 7 Main Types of Soil Erosion in Summer and
Autumn Pastures
3.4.2 Land degradation in gully and flat
land systems (Figure 7)
The
flood and sediment of the slope system converge into the valley, and the most
direct impact is on the road system: water and soil loss may wash the pavement
(Figure 7d), break the road (Fig. 7e), and wash out the subgrade (Fig. 7f).
Sediment may also bury the road (Fig. 7g).
In flat areas,
some "drivers drive at will on the grass" damage the grass. For
example, in Hundulun Ranch, more than 20 pairs of parallel ruts were found
(Fig. 7h) in grassland.
4 Discussion and Conclusion
4.1 This Dataset
Arukorqin
grassland nomadic system will face more development opportunities and challenges
after it is selected as the FAO "Global Important Agricultural Cultural
Heritage System" in May 2022. This data set is the spatial data part of
the 2019 application document, which can be used as the baseline data for
future research. In addition to the basic spatial data, the land degradation of
nomadic systems was mainly assessed. According to the classification and
grading standards of soil erosion of the Ministry of Water Resources of China,
the soil erosion assessment was conducted on the pastures of the heritage sites
using Sentinel 2 satellite data in July 2018。
(1) The moderate
and above water erosion and wind erosion account for 17.28% respectively. The
moderate and above soil erosion accounts for 32.67% of the total grazing land.
(2) The proportion
of "moderate and above soil erosion" of the three pastures in the
total pastures is 36.42% in winter and spring, 57.41% in Summer and Autumn
Pasture, and 8.27% in Hanshan Forest Farm. This shows that the grassland
degradation in summer and autumn pastures is relatively serious.
4.2 Future Spatial Data Development
Now,
when the cattle and sheep from 23 Gacha in winter and spring come to the summer
and autumn pastures, how to use the two Gacha pastures mainly depends on the
village rules and regulations formed over the years, and there is no clear
grassland boundary. In the future, in order to achieve the balance between
grass and livestock on a fine scale, it is necessary to develop a clearer
division of summer and autumn pastures.
Author Contributions
Wang Z.
X. was responsible for the case spatial dataset and completed the first draft
of the paper. Min Q. W. refine the text.
Acknowledgements
The
author thanks Wang, B., Qian, H. Y, Fang X. Y, etc. of the government of
Arhorqin Banner for their strong support field investigation.
Conflicts of Interest
The
authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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