Coastline Classification Dataset of 25 Port Cities and Their Surrounding Areas along the B&R

Song, Y. ^{1, 2}  Hou, X. Y.^1*

1. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract: This dataset focus on the delineation and classification of coastline in 25 port cities and its surrounding area along the Belt & Road (B&R). Landsat 8 OLI images in 2015 were used as basic data source, and the high-resolution remote sensing images such as Google Earth images were chosen as ancillary data. The 25 port cities are Shanghai, Busan, Singapore, Jakarta, Kyaukpyu, Bangkok, Kuantan, Mumbai, Gwadar, Kolkata, Chittagong, Colombo, Doha, Abbas, Jeddah, Dubai, Lisbon, Petersburg, Djibouti, Sudan-port, Alexandria, Piraeus, Istanbul, Sydney, and Darwin. The mean high tide line was chosen as the proxy of coastline. Coastline was first classified into natural and artificial coastline, and then seven subtypes of artificial coastline were further categorized: groin and jetty, harbor and wharf, reclamation, aquaculture dike, salt pan dike, traffic dike, and sea wall. Visual interpretation method was adopted to delineate and classify coastline in and adjacent to port cities. The result shows that, “Harbor and Wharf” and “Traffic dike” are common coastline in well developed port cities, such as Shanghai, Singapore, and Pusan; while natural coastline are widely distributed in newly developed port cities, such as Kyaukpyu, Gwadar, Kuantan, and Djibouti; the rest of port cities are significantly different from the above two types because both artificial and natural coastline could be found. The dataset is archived as .shp file, with the data size of 855 KB.

Keywords: Belt and Road; OBOR; port city; coastline; natural coastline; hardened coastline

1 Introduction

Based on the geographical distribution characters of global maritime economic activities^[1–4], location advantages and development status of port cities^[5–9], we choose 25 port cities for coastline classification. The dataset of the 25 port cities and their surrounding areas along the B&R^[10] have been enrolled into the GEOARC-2015 by the National Remote Sensing Center of China (NRSCC), Ministry of Science and Technology.

2 Metadata of Dataset

The introduction of Coastline data in 25 port cities and its surrounding area along the Belt and Road (2015) consist of dataset full name, short name, authors, geographical region, time, data sharing policy, etc. The detailed description of the metadata is shown in Table 1.

Table 1  Summary of the metadata

3 Methods

Many definitions of the coastline exist, and the selection of specific definitions will have an important impact on the results of the study. In this paper, the mean high water line, one of the most widely used proxy of coastline^[12–13], were adopted. Cloudless Landsat 8 OLI images captured in 2015 (Table 2) were downloaded from USGS (http://glovis.usgs.gov/), and based on which visual interpretation method was adopted to delineate and classify coastlines.

According to their utilization status, the coastline data were classified into 8 categories, which are natural coastline, Groin and Jetty, Harbor and Wharf, Reclamation, Aquaculture dike, Salt pan dike, Traffic dike and Sea wall (Table 3).

Table 2  Landsat 8 OLI images used for coastline classification

Table 3  Categories of coastline in port cities and their surrounding areas

4 Quality Control and Validation of Coastline Data

The Coastline data in 25 port cities and its surrounding area along the Belt and Road in 2015 shows that total length is 11,347.30 km, among which, the coastline length of natural coastline, groin and jetty, harbor and wharf, reclamation, aquaculture dike, salt pan dike, traffic dike and sea wall is 11,347.30 km, 532.33 km, 1,467.64 km, 320.72 km, 11.91 km, 127.28 km, 1,300.84 km and 548.83 km, respectively. The natural coastline, accounted for 62.02%, is major coastline in 25 port cities and their surrounding areas. The statistics of coastline length in 25 port cities and their surrounding areas is shown in Table 4.

The dataset consist of the coastline vector data of 25 port cities and their surrounding areas. The data of each city is archived in a single folder with .shp format. Field survey along Shanghai coastline has been conducted in 2013.The coastline delineation and classification results in Shanghai are more reliable because most of its coastlines have been hardened. During the process of coastline delineation and classification, high-resolution images of Google Earth have been referenced in order to improve the reliability of the result as much as possible. Google Earth images and coastline results of selected port cities, are shown in Figure 1-2 (Busan), Figure 3-4 (Bangkok), Figure 5-6 (Mumbai), Figure 7-8 (Jeddah), Figure 9-10 (Alexander), Figure 11-12 (Lisbon), and Figure 13-14 (Sydney).

Figure 1  Google Earth images of Busan         Figure 2  Coastline classification of Busan

Figure 3  Google Earth images of Bangkok      Figure 4  Coastline classification of Bangkok

Figure 5  Google Earth images of Mumbai      Figure 6  Coastline classification of Mumbai

Figure 7  Google Earth images of Jeddah     Figure 8  Coastline classification of Jeddah

Figure 9  Google Earth images of Alexander    Figure 10  Coastline classification of Alexander

Figure 11  Google Earth images of Lisbon      Figure 12  Coastline classification of Lisbon

Figure 13  Google Earth images of Sydney   Figure 14  Coastline classification of Sydney

Author Contributions

Overall plan and technical framework of this dataset was designed by Hou, X. Y. Landsat 8 OLI images were processed and analyzed by Song, Y.

Acknowledgements

This work has been finished as part of the Global Ecosystems and Environment Observation: Annual Report from China (GEOARC-2015), and special thanks goes to leadership and staff in the National Remote Sensing Center of China (NRSCC), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China. At the same time, more thanks to Wang,Y. D., Liu, J., Wang, J. H., Wei, L. S., Wang, X. L., and Hou, W. for their contributions and valuable suggestions during this work.

References

[1]        Zhou, M. World Atlas of Port Traffic [M]. Beijing: Sinomaps Press, 2013.

[2]        Fan, Y., Zhou, M. Atlas of the World [M]. Beijing: Sinomaps Press, 2013.

[3]        China Communications Press Co., Ltd. World Atlas [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press Co., Ltd., 2014.

[4]        Zhao, Y. P. The Evolution of International Port Function and the Construction of Internationally Important  Port [M]. Beijing: Economic Science Press, 2013.

[5]        Chen, H., Luan, W. X. Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Interaction between Port and City [M]. Beijing: Economic Science Press, 2010.

[6]        Wang, C. J. Research prospect and progress of modern port geography [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23(3): 243–250.

[7]        Wang, L., Wang, N., Tong, S. Q. Research on coordinated development degree between port and urban environment and resource [J]. Navigation of China, 2008, 31(4): 410–414.

[8]        Guo, J. K., Han, Z. L. Review and prospect of the research on spatial connection between port and city [J]. Progress in Geography, 2010, 29(12): 1490–1498.

[9]        Wang, H. Q., Liu, H., Wang, J. H. Three aspects and prospect of the relation research between port and city [J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2013, 30(4): 52–57.

[10]     Song, Y., Hou, X. Y. Coastline data in 25 port cities and its surrounding area along the B&R (2015) [DB/OL]. Global Change Research Data Publishing & Repository, 2016. DOI: 10.3974/geodb.2016.03.04.V1.

[11]     GCdataPR Editorial Office. GCdataPR Data Sharing Policy [OL]. DOI: 10.3974/dp.policy.2014.05 (Updated 2017).

[12]     Hou, X. Y., Wu, T., Wang, Y. D., et al. Extraction and accuracy evaluation of multi-temporal coastlines of mainland China since 1940s [J]. Marine Sciences, 2014, 38(11): 66–73. DOI: 10.11759/hykx 20131217001.

[13]     Hou, X. Y., Wu, T., Wang, Y. D., et al. Characteristics of coastline changes in mainland China since the early 1940s [J]. Science China: Earth Science, 2016, 46: 1065–1075. DOI: 10.1360/N072015-00268.