参考文献：
[1] 武丰民, 李文凯, 李伟. 北极放大效应原因的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(3): 232-242.
[2] Hilmer, M, Jung, T. Evidence for a recent change in the link between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Sea ice export [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(7): 989-992.
[3] Rigor, I. G., Wallace, J. M., Colony, R. L. Response of sea ice to the Arctic Oscillation [J]. Journal of Climate, 2002, 15(18): 2648-2663.
[4] Nakamura, T., Yamazaki, K., Iwamoto, K., et al. A negative phase shift of the winter AO/NAO due to the recent Arctic sea-ice reduction in late autumn [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2015, 120(8): 3209-3227.
[5] Comiso, J. C., Parkinson, C. L., Gersten, R., et al. Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35(1): L01703.
[6] Cavalieri, D. J., Parkinson, C. L. Antarctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2006 [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2008, 113(C7).
[7] Stroeve, J. C., Serreze, M. C., Holland, M. M., et al. The Arctic’s rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: a research synthesis [J]. Climatic Change, 2012, 110(3): 1005-1027.
[8] Walsh, J. E., Chapman, W. L. 20th-century sea-ice variations from observational data [J]. Annals of Glaciology, 2001, 33: 444-448.
[9] de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Solignac, S., et al. Reconstructing sea ice conditions in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic prior to human observations [M] // DeWeaver, E. T., Bitz, C. M., Tremblay, L. B. Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Observations, Projections, Mechanisms, and Implications. (Geophysical Monograph Series, Vol. 180). 2008: 27-45 (American Geophysical Union).
[10] Bonnet, S., de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., et al. Variability of sea surface temperature and sea-ice cover in the Fram Strait over the last two millennia [J]. Marine Micropaleontol, 2010, 74(3-4): 59-74.
[11] Kinnard, C., Zdanowicz, C. M., Fisher, D. A., et al. Reconstructed changes in Arctic sea ice over the past 1,450 years [J]. Nature, 2011, 479(7374): 509-512.
[12] Kaufman, D. S., Schneider, D. P., McKay, N. P., et al. Recent warming reverses long-term Arctic cooling [J]. Science, 2009, 325(5945): 1236-1239.