参考文献:
[1] World Bank Group. Population, total - United States, Turkiye, Russian Federation, Iran, Islamic Rep. [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=US-TR-RU-IR&view=chart.
     [2] World Bank Group. Land area (sq. km) - United States, Turkiye, Russian Federation, Iran, Islamic Rep. [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2?end=2021&locations=US-TR-RU-IR&skipRedirection=true&start=1961&view=chart.
     [3] World Bank Group. GDP (Current US$) - United States, Turkiye, Russian Federation, Iran, Islamic Rep. [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=US-TR-RU-IR&skipRedirection=true.
     [4] UN Comtrade Database. Trade data [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow?Frequency=A&Flows=X&CommodityCodes=TOTAL&Partners=0&Reporters=842&period=2000&AggregateBy=none&BreakdownMode=plus.
     [5] World Bank Group. Military expenditure (current LCU)-United States, Turkiye, Russian Federation, Iran, Islamic Rep. [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.CN?locations=US-TR-RU-IR&skipRedirection=true.
     [6] The International Institute for Strategic Studies. The Military Balance 2020 [M]. London: Routledge, 2020.
     [7] World Bank Group. Armed forces personnel, total - United States, Turkiye, Russian Federation, Iran, Islamic Rep. [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1?locations=US-TR-RU-IR&skipRedirection=true.
     [8] World Bank Group. Researchers in R&D (per million people) - United States, Turkiye, Russian Federation, Iran, Islamic Rep. [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=US-TR-RU-IR&skipRedirection=true.
     [9] World Bank Group. Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - United States, Turkiye, Russian Federation, Iran, Islamic Rep. [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=US-TR-RU-IR&skipRedirection=true.
     [10] WIPO IP Statistics Data Center. WIPO statistics database [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. http://ipstatsdb.wipo.org/ipstats/patents Search.
     [11] 谭龙, 尹海勇. 世界知识产权组织知识产权统计数据中心功能分析[J]. 中国发明与专利, 2013(2): 68-71.
     [12] SJR (Scimago Journal & Country Rank). Country rankings [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php.
     [13] UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). UIS. Statistic [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.uis.unesco.org/.
     [14] UN Tourism. Tourism statistics [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://www.e-unwto.org/toc/unwtotfb/current.
     [15] 侯纯光, 杜德斌, 刘承良等. 全球留学生留学网络时空演化及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(4): 681-694.
     [16] United Nations. International migrant stock [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock.
     [17] World Bank Group. Worldwide governance indicators [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators.
     [18] 中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所, 虹桥国际经济论坛研究中心. 世界开放报告2021 [M]. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社, 2021.
     [19] World Bank Group. GDP (current US$) - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=AM-AZ-GE&skipRedirection=true.
     [20] Uppsala Conflict Data Program Department of Peace and Conflict Research. Disaggregated datasets [DB/OL]. 2024-07-03. https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/.