References:
     [1] Liu, C., Shi, R. X. GIS Dataset of Boundaries among Four Geo-Eco Regions of China [J]. Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery, 2018, 2(1): 42-50.
     [2] Liu, C., Shi, R. X. GIS Dataset of Boundaries among Four Geo-Eco Regions of China [J/DB/OL]. Digital Journal of Global Change Data Repository, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2016.04.21.V1.
     [3] Liu, X. S., Luo, T. X. Spatiotemporal variability of soil temperature and moisture across two contrasting timberline ecotones in the Sergyemla Mountains, Southeast Tibet [J]. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 2011, 43(2): 229-238.
     [4] He, W. H., Zhang, B. P., Pang, Y., et al. Effect of slope aspect on the distribution of mountain forest in the northern flank of the central Tianshan Mountain [J]. Mountain Research, 2015, 33(5): 546-552.
     [5] Chen, X. X., Chang, Q. R., Guo, B. Y., et al. Analytical study of the relief amplitude in China based on SRTM DEM data [J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2013, 21(4): 670-678.
     [6] Zhang, B. P., Yao, Y. H. Studies on Mass Elevation Effect [M]. Beijing: China Environmental Press, 2015: 1-8.
     [7] Scharfetter, R. Das Pflanzenleben der Ostalpen [M]. Vienna: Franz Deuticke, 1938.
     [8] Zhao, F., Zhang, B. P., Pang, Y., et al. Mass elevation effect and its contribution to the altitude of timberline in the northern hemisphere [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(11): 1556-1564.
     [9] Wang, J., Zhang, B. P., Zhang, W. J., et al. Quantitative research of mass elevation effect in Colorado Rocky Mountains [J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(8): 1467-1477.
     [10] Wang, J., Zhang, B. P., Yao, Y. H. The spatial pattern of the upper limit of montane deciduous broad-leaved forests and its geographical interpretation in the east monsoon realm of China [J]. Forests, 2021, 12(9), 1225.
     [11] Gao, L. Distribution pattern and controlling factors of deciduous broad-leaved forest in China [D]. Zibo: Shandong University of Technology, 2021.
     [12] Zhang, B. P., Zhou, C. H., Chen, S. P. The Geo-info-spectrum of montane altitudinal belts in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(2): 163-171.
     [13] Zhang, B. P., Xu, J., Wu, H. Z., et al. Digital integration and pattern analysis of mountain altitudinal belts in China [J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2006, 24(2): 144-149.
     [14] Li, D. R., Wang, S. L., Li, D. Y. Spatial Data Mining Theory and Application [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019: 147-151.
     [15] Wang, W. L. Alpine treeline patterns and its formation causes in the Three Parallel Rivers Region, NW Yunnan [D]. Kunming: Yunnan University, 2014.
     [16] Jyothirmayi, P., Sukumar, B. Role of relief and slope in agricultural land use: A case study in Valapattanam River Basin in Kannur Districk, Kerala using gis and remote sensing [J]. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2019, 21(2): 1-11.
     [17] Shen, W., Zhang, L., Luo, T. X. Advances in the study of the limitations of seeding recruitment for alpine timberline forests [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(9): 2858-2868.
     [18] Sakai, A., Larcher, W. Frost Survival of Plants: Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress [M]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 138-172.
     [19] Zhang, W. J., An, M. Y., Chen, G. H., et al. The quantification of mountain base elevation based on mountain structure modeling [J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, 10.
     [20] Editorial board of Chinese forest. Forest of China Vol 3 Broadleaved Forest [M]. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Publishing Press, 2000: 1340-1343.
     [21] Li, J. D., Wu, B. H. Vegetation in Jilin Province [M]. Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 2001: 125-130.
     [22] Zhu, Z. B. Forest ecology [M]. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Publishing Press, 1991: 360-378.
     [23] Wu, Y. X., Bu, L. G. The vegetation in the Changbai mountain ranges: from Temperate Zone to Arctic Circle [J]. Forest & Humankind. 2015, 2: 88-89.
     [24] Li, S. Q., Guo, C. T. Studies on the vegetation of Laotudingzi National Nature Reserve, Liaoning Province [J]. Forestry and Ecological Science, 2003, 18(2): 131-135.
     [25] Zhang, J. X. Study on Forest Community Growth Potential and Impact Factor in Liaohe River Nature Reserve [D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2010.
     [26] Huang, J. H., Chen, L. Z. Analysis of species diversity of the forest vegetation in Dongling Mountain [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica. 1994, 36: 178-186.
     [27] Chen, H. W., Yu, S. L., Cai, B. F., et al. The analysis on the flora and vegetation of Sizuolou Nature Reserve in Beijing [J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment. 2006(1): 62-69.
     [28] Liu, P. The Study on the Eco-tourism Exploitation of the Hebei Dahaituo National Nature Reserve [D]. Hebei: Hebei Normal University, 2009.
     [29] Zhang, H., Li, C., Zhang, B., et al. Remote Sensing Monitoring and Evaluation of Landscape Diversity of Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve [J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2013(6): 1-6.
     [30] Han, T. F. Studies on main forest community plant species diversity in damao mountain of Tang county Hebei [D]. Hebei : Hebei Agricultural University, 2015.
     [31] Editorial board of He Bei forest. Forest in Hebei Province [M]. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Publishing Press, 1988: 109-116.
     [32] Zhang, J. T., Zhang, F., Shangguan, T. L. Reanalysis of vertical zones of vegetation in Zhongtiao Mountain [J]. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition), 1997(1): 76-79.
     [33] Fu, Z. Z., Li, J. Z. The analysis of vertical distribution of the vegetation in the mountains of Shanxi Province [J]. Journal of Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology, 1976(2): 16-23, 29.
     [34] Wang, G. X. Forest in Shanxi Province [M]. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Publishing Press, 1992: 173-187.
     [35] Kuang, S. S. Vertical distribution of mountain vegetation in Henan Province [J]. Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1991(4): 91-96.
     [36] Wang, M. P. Characteristics of vertical distribution of vegetation in Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve [J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2018(6): 115-116.
     [37] Lou, A. R. A preliminary analysis of charcteristic of plant communities and their floristic composition in Dongling Muntain of Beijing [J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2004, 40(4): 507-512.
     [38] Zhang, F., Shangguan, T. L. The application of the ordered plot clustering to the vertical belt partitioning of vegetation of Mian Mountains, Shanxi [J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 1997, 21(3): 267-273.
     [39] Wang, Y., Bi, R. C., Xu, Q. Community characteristics and spatial distribution of mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest in South Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi Province of China [J]. Guihaia, 2017, 37(7): 901-911.
     [40] Ru, W. M. A Research on the Vegetation in the Southern Part of Taihang Mountain [J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1993(S2): 50-54.
     [41] Zhang, J. T. Vertical zones of vegetation in LuYa Mountain in Shanxi Province [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica. 1989(4): 346-353, 98.
     [42] Liu, H. X. The vertical zonation of Mountain vegetation in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinca. 1981(3): 267-279.
     [43] Li, J. P. Evaluation on the protection value of shanxi black tea mountain national nature reserve [J]. Forestry of Shanxi, 2016(2): 10-11, 23.
     [44] Li, J. Z., Teng, C. D. Investigation on vegetation in the Guandi Mountain [J]. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition), 1979(4): 144-149.
     [45] Mao, F. F., Xu, B. S. The main vegetation types and their distribution in the Wulu Mountainous Region [J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1988, 2(1): 61-67.
     [46] Shangguan, T L., Zhang, F. Investigation on vegetation and vertical distribution in the Yunding Mountain in Shanxi Province [J]. Mountain Research. 1991(1): 19-26.
     [47] Lei, M. D. Vegetation in Shanxi [M]. Beijing: Science press, 1999: 410-440.
     [48] Wen, Z. Q., Yang, Y. Z. Investigation Scientific report of Shanxi Sangyuan National Nature Reserve [M]. Xi’an: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 2007: 16-31.
     [49] Guo, W. Y., Dang, K. L., Zhao, Y. B. Investigation Scientific report of Shanxi Motianling Mountain National Nature Reserve [M]. Xi’an: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 2007: 96-99.
     [50] Qin, S. H. The Vegetation of the North Slope of Huashan Mountain and Its Vertical Distrubution [J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Teachers University (Natural Science Edition), 1989(3): 66-74.
     [51] Song, C. S. Scientific survey of the Funiushan mountain national nature reserve [M]. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Publishing Press, 1994: 10-11.
     [52] Li, Z. G., Ren, Y., Wang, X. J. Investigation Scientific report of Shanxi Changqing National Nature Reserve [M]. Xi’an: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 2006: 157-186.
     [53] Yue, M., Dang, G. D., Gu, T. Q. Vertical zone spectrum of vegetation in Foping National reserve and the comparison with the adjacent areas [J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Reseach, 2000(5): 375-382.
     [54] Li, Z. G., Tang, K. L., Li, D. W. Investigation Scientific report of Shanxi Tianhua Mountain National Nature Reserve [M]. Xi’an: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 2005: 115-116.
     [55] Ye, Y. Z., Yang, Q. P., Weng, M., et al. Studies on forest community diversity in Funiu Mountain: vertical distribution of community and species richness [J]. Henan Science, 1999(S1): 61-64.
     [56] Gao, X. B. Investigation Scientific report of Shanxi Huangguan Mountain National Nature Reserve [M]. Xi’an: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 2007: 119-123.
     [57] Song, C. S. Scientific survey of the Baotianman Mountain National Nature Reserve [M]. Beijing: Chinese Forestry Publishing Press, 1994: 33-56.
     [58] Wei, Z. Y. The spatial-temporal difference of vegetation and its response to climate change in Foping Nature Reserve in Qinling Mountains [D]. Xi’an: Northwest University, 2016.
     [59] Ma, M. Z., Shen, G. Z., Xiong, G. M. Characteristic and representativeness of the vertical vegetation zonation along the altitudinal gradient in Shennongjia Natural Heritage [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(11): 1127-1139.
     [60] Li, S. C. Ecological Study on Plant Commuities in Deciduous Broad-leaved Forests in Wanchaoshan Nature Reserve [D]. Hubei: Hubei University, 2018.
     [61] Shen, Z. H., Zhang, X. S., Jin, Y. X. A vertical gradient analysis of the flora of Dalaoling Mountain in the Tree Gorges region,China [J]. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2001, 39(3): 260-268.
     [62] Bai, Y. X., Liu, J. J., Ma, X. Q. Investigation Scientific report of Yu River National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province [M]. Lanzhou: Gansu Science and Technology Press, 2017: 12-25.
     [63] Shen, Z. H., Hu, H. F., Zhou, Y., et al. Altitudinal patterns of plants species diversity on the southern slope of Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China [J]. Biodiversity Science, 2004, 1: 99-107.
     [64] Ren, Y., Zhang, X. P., Zhou, L. G., et al. Investigation Scientific report of Shanxi Taian National Nature Reserve [M]. Xi’an: Northwest University Press, 2014: 20-60.
     [65] Ma, M. Z., Shen, G. Z., Xiong, G. M. Characteristic and representativeness of the vertical vegetation zonation along the altitudinal gradient in Shennongjia Natural Heritage [M]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(11): 1127-1139.
     [66] Wang, K. Y. The preliminarily investigation on the vertical distribution of the forest vegetation on Hualongshan Mountain in Shanxi Province [J]. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica. 1992(1): 88-96.
     [67] Rao, C. Q. Distribution and exploitation of vegetation resources in Wudang Mountain [J]. Journal of Hanjiang Normal University, 1993(2): 47-53.
     [68] Wang, Y. M. The geographical distributional regularity of the vegetation in Hubei Province (Ⅱ) [J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research. 1995(1):47-54.
     [69] Wang, Y. M. The vegetation of Dabieshan Mountain in Hubei province [J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 1989(1): 29-38.
     [70] Liu, P., Wu, K. F. Study on floral characteristics and forest vegetation of the Dabie Mountains [J]. Journal of East China Normal University, 1994(1): 76-81.
     [71] Cai, Y. L., Zhang, K. Y. The main vegetation types and their vertical distributions of Jingangtai Mountainous region in Henan [J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 1995(4): 337-343.
     [72] Liu, S. X., Qu, J. P. Investigation Scientific report of Qizimei Mountain National Nature Reserve in Hubei province [M]. Wuhan: Hubei Science and Technology Press, 2006: 6-10.
     [73] Hu, C. Q. The natural vertical zones of the Longshan Mountain and their protection and utilization [J]. Mountain Research, 1989 (2): 91-97.